Which validity type examines the relationship between a test and a criterion measured at the same time?

• A. Predictive validity
• B. Content validity
• C. Concurrent validity
• D. Internal consistency reliability

Answer: (C)

Concurrent validity is about how well a test relates to a criterion measured at the same time. It evaluates whether the test scores align with an external standard that is assessed concurrently, giving a snapshot of how the test functions in the present moment. For example, if you administer a new achievement test and at the same time collect the student’s current grades or another relevant performance measure, a strong correlation between the test scores and those concurrent criteria supports good concurrent validity.

If the criterion were measured later to see how well the test predicts future performance, that would be predictive validity. Content validity asks whether the test items adequately cover the intended domain or content area. Internal consistency reliability looks at how consistently the items on the test measure the same construct, not how the test relates to an external criterion.