Which diagnosis is correct for problems observed with fetal alcohol exposure as children grow older?

• A. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• B. Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder
• C. Fetal Alcohol Effects
• D. None of the above

Answer: (A)

Fetal alcohol syndrome is the label that best fits when a child shows the combined effects of prenatal alcohol exposure, including growth deficiencies, distinctive facial features, and central nervous system (CNS) problems. These three components—growth delay, facial dysmorphology (such as a smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, and small eye openings), and CNS involvement (cognitive or behavioral deficits, motor issues, etc.)—form the classic pattern used to diagnose FAS. Even as facial features become less noticeable with age, the neurodevelopmental and growth challenges can persist, so the full syndrome remains the most appropriate diagnosis when the full criteria are met.

The other terms describe parts of or older concepts within the same spectrum. Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder refers to CNS problems without the full facial or growth features, and Fetal Alcohol Effects is an older, less precise label. None of the above wouldn’t apply because FAS is a recognized diagnosis that reflects the most complete presentation.