What should assessments consider regarding language of testing and interpretation?

• A. Tests should be conducted only in English
• B. Tests should be given in the student’s first language and English
• C. Tests should be in the dominant language of the district only
• D. Tests should be in the language of the examiner

Answer: (B)

Testing in a student’s first language while also including English helps prevent language bias and gives a clearer picture of what the student actually knows and can do. If you assess only in English, limited English skills can look like a broader learning or cognitive deficiency, leading to unfair conclusions. By using the first language, you separate language proficiency from other abilities, and adding English shows how the student functions across languages, which is common in multilingual settings. This bilingual approach supports valid interpretation and informs appropriate supports. In cases where the student uses alternate communication methods, testers should use appropriate, qualified interpreters or supports to ensure accuracy, rather than relying solely on the examiner’s language or the district’s dominant language.