Spinal bifida is a neural tube defect in which the neural tube does not close completely. Which statement best describes this condition?

• A. It is caused by a bacterial infection
• B. Spinal bifida is a neural tube defect where the closing tissue does not close completely, affecting development of the brain and spinal cord
• C. It occurs only in adults
• D. Vaccination prevents it

Answer: (B)

Spinal bifida is a neural tube defect that occurs when the neural tube, which forms the brain and spinal cord, does not close completely during early embryonic development. Because closure is incomplete, development of the brain and spinal cord can be affected, leading to varying degrees of neurological and physical problems at birth. The description that best fits this is that the closing tissue does not close completely, affecting development of the brain and spinal cord. This condition is congenital, present at birth, and is not caused by infection or prevented by vaccination. It develops very early in pregnancy, often around the first month, which is why adequate folic acid intake before and during early pregnancy lowers risk.