Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an X-linked recessive disorder that commonly includes

• A. Hyperuricemia and self-mutilation
• B. Hearing loss and cataracts
• C. Autoimmune deficiency
• D. Hyperlipidemia

Answer: (A)

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome comes from a deficiency of the HGPRT enzyme, which leads to excessive purine breakdown and high levels of uric acid in the blood. This hyperuricemia causes uric acid–related problems, and the condition is also marked by severe neurobehavioral issues, most notably self-injurious and aggressive behaviors. Because it is X-linked recessive, it primarily affects males, with carrier females sometimes showing milder signs. So, the combination of high uric acid (hyperuricemia) and self-mutilation is the characteristic feature of this syndrome. The other listed findings—hearing loss and cataracts, autoimmune deficiency, and hyperlipidemia—do not fit this condition.